單導聯心電檢測裝置論文

① 貼片式柔性心電感測器的作用

摘要 心臟是人體重要器官，它通過血管輸送血液，為全身提供氧氣(O2)和營養物質，並清除體內的二氧化碳(CO2)和代謝廢物。世界衛生組織估計心血管疾病(CVDs)，即心臟病和血管疾病佔全球死亡總人數的30%。由於心血管疾病在早期發現時更容易控制與治療，因此對心血管連續監測的需求越來越大。如通過解析心電圖(ECGs)模式來監察心血管疾病。此外，監測血壓(BP)和血氧飽和度也是常用的心血管健康監測方法。因為血壓升高是心血管發病率中最重要的危險因素之一，而血氧飽和度低的基線血氧飽和度對診斷急性心力衰竭非常有用。這是因為當發現心律失常或心力衰竭時，及時、准確的治療至關重要。因此，心血管監測和治療設備的研究和開發具有重要的需求。

② 求一篇關於心電監護儀的英文論文，附中文翻譯的。

隨著人們法制觀念的不斷提高，病人維權意識逐漸增強，對醫療護理提出了更高的要求，因心電監護儀使用不當導致的投訴也逐漸增加。本院2003年6月至2004年6月被投訴4起，2004年7月至2005年6月5起，2005年7月至2006年6月9起；護士巡視不到位、責任心不強、病情變化未及時發現8例，心電監護儀參數設置不當或報警系統不工作5例，對心電監護儀性能不了解影響搶救治療2例，設備本身問題2例，監護收費問題1例。
病人自我保護意識增強與護士服務觀念轉變相對滯後的矛盾
隨著病人及家屬法制觀念的逐漸加強,對醫護質量的要求也越來越高〔1〕。在醫療護理活動中過去根本不會釀成糾紛的問題，現在都可能引發投訴，病家認為花了錢就要得到最好的服務及療效，稍有不當病人或家屬就要「討個說法」，更有甚者，認為病人進了醫院，化了錢，就得治好病，如病情反復或惡化就會千方百計尋找醫療工作中的缺陷和漏洞，進行投訴；而心電監護儀又是擺在他們面前看得見，摸得著的東西，稍有不慎就會成為投訴對象。
護理服務質量與病人期望值之間的矛盾

需要心電監護的病人相對病情都比較重，家屬特別關注治療護理情況，以為使用心電監護儀後病情就能得到控制，當病情出現變化時就難以接受；而護士在護理過程中操作稍不仔細，解釋不到位，對病人關心與理解不夠，沒有形成良好的護患關系，也就會受到病人及家屬的遷怒。

護理隊伍的年輕化，護理人員對心電監護儀性能不熟、使用不到位

當前醫院發展速度較快，年輕護士較多，護理隊伍的年輕化也已經成為護理投訴的主要原因之一〔2〕。首先年輕護士資歷淺，工作經驗不足，加之上崗前沒有進行系統培訓，不同程度地存在對心電監護儀使用性能及設置不熟悉，其次，年輕護士缺乏必要的醫患溝通技巧和交談藝術。
心電監護儀故障延誤病情

有些心電監護儀由於長時間連續使用，或者使用不當，或者年久失修等各種原因發生故障，特別是一些平時使用心電監護儀很少的科室，醫護人員沒有定期檢查，不能及時發現和處理故障，一旦病情有變化需要時，卻未能及時監護而延誤了病情的監測、治療，導致病家投訴。心電監護儀的使用費用相對較高，以每小時計算，且葯費、檢查費、一次性物品的廣泛應用，給病家帶來沉重的經濟負擔，因此，他們對收費特別敏感，對心電監護儀所用時數常有爭議，加之新聞媒體過分渲染，對收費不放心，而多數家屬在高額的醫療費用支出後疾病仍未明顯好轉，故將怨氣發泄到儀器的使用和收費上導致投訴。

為了適應目前新形勢下病人對護理服務質量的要求，必須不斷強化護士的優質服務意識，牢固樹立「以人為本，以病人為中心」的服務觀念，尊重病人的合法權益，盡量滿足其要求。如在行心電監護前應耐心向病人及家屬做好解釋宣教工作,介紹心電監護的目的及儀器的安全性,告知可能出現的報警聲。在整個監護過程中應加強巡視和觀察，注意心電監護儀參數的變化，出現報警聲時能迅速做出處理，並及時記錄和保存。

As the legal concept of continuous improvement, the patient graally build up their human rights awareness, health care for a higher demand, e to the use of ECG monitor misconct also led to a graal increase in complaints. Hospital from June 2003 to June 2004 were 4 complaints since July 2004 to June 2005 5, July 2005 to June 2006 9; nurse visits are not in place, do not have a strong sense of responsibility, timely detection of the disease did not change in 8 cases, ECG monitor improper parameter setting alarm system does not work or five cases, the ECG monitor the performance of emergency treatment do not understand the impact of two cases, two cases of the issue of the equipment itself, the issue of guardianship fees and charges in 1 case.

Self-protection awareness of patients and nurses to enhance the concept of service is lagging behind changes in the conflict

Patients and their families with the legal concept of the graal strengthening of the quality of health care have become more sophisticated [1]. Activities in health care will not lead to disputes over the issue, now may lead to complaints that the patient and his family will be花了錢the best services and the efficacy, some patients or their family will be inappropriate "to have a say" and, worse, that the patient into the hospital, of the money, you must heal the disease, such as illness or deterioration of repeated medical work will do everything possible to find defects and flaws in the conct complaints; and ECG monitor is placed in front of them visible and tangible things, a little carelessness will become the target of complaint.

Quality and patient care services in the conflict between the expectations

The need for ECG monitoring of patients is relatively heavier than the disease, their families pay special attention to health care situation, that the use of ECG Monitor can be brought under control after the disease, when a change in condition when it is difficult to accept; and nurses in the care process is not operating slightly careful to explain in place, concern and understanding for patients not enough, there is no good nurse-patient relationship, but also patients and their families will be the vent.

Care of the younger teams, nursing staff on ECG monitor the performance of the wake of the use of non-place

Faster development of the current hospital, more young nurses, care of the younger team care has become one of the main causes of complaints [2]. First of all, the young junior nurses, lack of work experience, coupled with no systematic pre-training, varying degrees of ECG monitor and the setting up of the use of performance are not familiar with, and secondly, the younger the patient the nurses lack the necessary communication skills and conversation art.

ECG monitor the delay fault condition

ECG monitor some time as a result of continuous use, or improper use, or repair a variety of reasons such as failure, in particular, a number of normal ECG monitor the use of small sections, medical personnel do not conct regular inspections, timely detection and to deal with failure, once the necessary conditions have changed, but failed to delay care and monitoring of the condition, treatment, patient and his family led to complaints. ECG monitor the use of the relatively high cost per hour basis, and drugs, inspection fees, the widespread application of a one-time items, to the patient and his family a heavy financial burden, so that they are particularly sensitive to charges of heart Monitor electricity used by a number of often controversial when, in addition to the news media exaggerated the charges do not trust, and the majority of families in the high medical costs to be incurred in a marked improvement after the disease has not yet, it will vent their grievances to the use of equipment and fees the lead to complaints.

In order to adapt to the new situation at present patients quality care, nurses must continue to strengthen the services, and firmly establishing the "people-oriented, patient-centered" concept of service, respect for the legitimate rights and interests of patients, as far as possible to meet their requirements. If the line before ECG patience to do a good job to explain the patients and their families and ecation on the purpose of ECG and the security apparatus, this may sound the alarm. In the guardianship process should strengthen the inspection and observation, attention to ECG monitor changes in parameters, sound alarms when there quickly to deal with, and to record and preserve a timely manner.

③ 單導聯心電圖機價格多少

前段時間我們這邊去買九千多，上海光電。

④ 500分求一篇關於心電監護儀的英文論文，附中文翻譯的。

摘要： 針對精密電子設備中所要求的高電壓、低電流的小功率電源系統，設計製作了一種高壓開關電源。並對高壓電源的響應特性進行了測試。製作出的電源系統具有體積小、穩定性好、響應速度快等特點。 關鍵字： 高壓電源 PWM脈沖調制 開關電路
1 引 言
在復印設備、醫學儀器等精密電子系統中，廣泛使用高電壓、低電流的小功率電源[1]。同時要求電源系統具有重量輕、響應速度快、穩定性好、可靠性高等特點。為了上述滿足精密電子系統的要求，設計製作了一種新型高壓開關電源。該電源具有穩定性好、響應速度快等優點，能廣泛應用於復印設備、醫學儀器等精密電子系統中。
2 電路原理
系統原理框圖如圖1所示。高壓電源的輸入信號來自220V的交流市電，經整流濾波後與PWM脈沖調制器的輸出信號一起驅動高頻變壓器，通過高頻變壓器得到的高壓電源再經整流濾波後，輸出直流高壓。輸出反饋信號經光電隔離後反饋給脈沖調制器，通過與脈沖調制器中誤差放大器的基準電壓比較，控制脈沖調制器的輸出占空比，以調節輸出電壓。

Abstract: The high voltage which, the low electric current's low power electrical power system requests in view of the sophisticated electronics, the design has manufactured one kind of high-voltage switch power source. And has carried on the test to high-voltage power supply's response characteristic. Manufactures the electrical power system has the volume to be small, the stability is good, speed of response quick and so on characteristics. Key words: High-voltage power supply PWM impulse molation switching circuit 1 introction In photocopies the equipment, the medicine instrument and so on the precise electronic system, widely uses the high voltage, low electric current low power power source [1]. Simultaneously requests the electrical power system to have the weight to be light, the speed of response is quick, the stability is good, reliable higher characteristic. For above satisfies the precise electronic system's request, the design has manufactured one kind of new high-voltage switch power source. This power source has the stability to be good, speed of response quick and so on merits, can widely apply in photocopies the equipment, the medicine instrument and so on the precise electronic system. 2 circuitries System principle diagram as shown in Figure 1. High-voltage power supply's input signal from 220V exchange city electricity, after rectification filter actuates the high-frequency transformer together with the PWM pulse molator's output signal, obtains after the high-frequency transformer the high-voltage power supply passes through the rectification filter again, output cocurrent high pressure. Output feedback signal after electro-optical isolation feeds back for the pulse molator, through compares with the pulse molator probable error amplifier's voltage reference, the steering impulse molator's output tyfactor, adjusts the output voltage.

⑤ 求體表心電放大器的研究與設計實驗論文

本文介紹了心電放大器的基本電路構成，以及採用TI公司的MSP430系列單片機對心電信號進行模數轉換處理的方法，還著重探討了採用帶硬體乘法器的MSP430F14X系列單片機對心電信號進行濾波處理的方法，並給出了相應的實驗結果。
人體心肌產生的電信號傳導到體表之後，由於在體表分布的不同而產生電位差，將這種電壓只有mV級別的電位差放大並繪製成圖，就得到了心電圖（ECG）。心電圖在心血管疾病的臨床診斷中有非常重要的作用。通常採用的心電圖按照導聯數分有單導聯，三導聯，五導聯以及十二導聯等等；按照精度分常用的有8位和12位精度等等。單導聯，精度低的心電圖常用於進行心電監控以及心率測量。12位高精度的心電圖由於可以反映出心電的細微變化，被更加廣泛地應用於臨床診斷、心電分析等地方。
由於心電幅度只有mV量級，需要放大上千倍才能被觀察到，並且人體的內阻比較大，因此一個高阻抗、高增益的放大器是准確獲取心電信號的關鍵。而周圍環境中充滿了各種各樣的電磁干擾，會嚴重影響微弱的ECG信號，而其中最為嚴重的是市電電源的50Hz（部分國家為60Hz）的干擾。如何避免這些干擾也是心電放大器設計所必須考慮的問題。此外，進行高精度的AD轉換也是關鍵的步驟，特別是對於12bit的ECG放大器。在一些攜帶型應用中，功耗也是需要考慮的因素。

TI公司生產的MSP430F13X、MSP430F14X系列微功耗混和信號單片機，由於具有速度快（8MIPS/16bit），集成度高（Flash，RAM，16bit Timer，8通道12bit ADC以及UART等）、極低功耗等特點，因此非常適合於ECG放大器一類的應用。MSP430F14X系列單片機由於具有硬體乘法器，因此具備一定的DSP功能，可以ECG信號進行濾波等預處理。
下圖是三導聯ECG放大器的框圖：

ECG放大器通常由緩沖級、匹配電阻網路、放大、濾波、電平位移以及模數轉換等幾級構成。
電極採集到的心電信號首先進入緩沖級。緩沖級可以提高整個放大電路的輸入阻抗，降低輸出阻抗，這樣就可以在後面的匹配電阻網路中得到幅值較高的信號。匹配電阻網路通常採用威爾遜電中心端網路，它通過特定的電阻網路獲得威爾遜電中心端作為整個ECG系統的參考點。
放大級通常包括一級用AD620等儀表放大器構成的初級差分放大和TL08

⑥ 北方醫院體檢心電圖是單腿導聯的嗎

心電圖檢查，目前常用的是12道聯合15導聯心電圖機。你所說的單腿導聯應該是指。只有一個夾子夾在腿上吧。腿上可以是一個夾子帶兩個鐵片。也可以是兩個夾子，每個夾子帶一個鐵片。都是對的。

⑦ 心電監護儀的第一、二、三導聯分別用哪些電極測量

心電監護儀電極的放置位置：第一導聯位於胸骨右緣第4肋間；第二導聯位於胸骨左緣第4肋間；第三導聯位於V2與V4兩點連線的中點。

心電監護電極的接法順序：電極連接線接上面標有英文字母

1、右上 (RA) ：胸骨右緣鎖骨中線第一肋間。

2、右下 (RL) ：右鎖骨中線劍突水平處。

3、中間 (C) ：胸骨左緣第四肋間。

4、左上 (LA) ：胸骨左緣鎖骨中線第一肋間。

5、左下 (LL) ：左鎖骨中線劍突水平處。

(7)單導聯心電檢測裝置論文擴展閱讀：

心電監護儀應用范圍:

1、冠心病患者；

2、高血壓患者；

3、糖尿病患者；

4、高血脂患者；

5、過度肥胖人群；

操作要點：

首先皮膚要保持潔凈、乾燥，用磨砂紙將電極貼片需要安放位置（右鎖骨下一指處、左側第五肋骨與左腋前線交點處、兩乳頭連接中點處）的皮膚角質層擦凈。用清水清洗干凈，並用紙擦乾或自然晾乾。

取出電極貼片，將電極貼片貼紙擦拭部位。取出導聯線，將3根電極導聯線扣入心電電極貼片中，將紅色電極放置於右鎖骨下一指處；將黃色電極放置於兩乳頭中點處；將黑色電極放置於左第五肋與左腋前線交點處。

最後將心電導聯線另一端插頭沿箭頭方向正確插入監測設備。開啟監測設備便可進行心電監測。

⑧ 網上看到單導聯和八導聯的心電圖機，他們有什麼區別呢

心電圖的類型有單導 十二導聯的 目前常用的是十二導 其實區別不大 就是十二導的更先進以及好用。