单导联心电检测装置论文

① 贴片式柔性心电传感器的作用

摘要 心脏是人体重要器官，它通过血管输送血液，为全身提供氧气(O2)和营养物质，并清除体内的二氧化碳(CO2)和代谢废物。世界卫生组织估计心血管疾病(CVDs)，即心脏病和血管疾病占全球死亡总人数的30%。由于心血管疾病在早期发现时更容易控制与治疗，因此对心血管连续监测的需求越来越大。如通过解析心电图(ECGs)模式来监察心血管疾病。此外，监测血压(BP)和血氧饱和度也是常用的心血管健康监测方法。因为血压升高是心血管发病率中最重要的危险因素之一，而血氧饱和度低的基线血氧饱和度对诊断急性心力衰竭非常有用。这是因为当发现心律失常或心力衰竭时，及时、准确的治疗至关重要。因此，心血管监测和治疗设备的研究和开发具有重要的需求。

② 求一篇关于心电监护仪的英文论文，附中文翻译的。

随着人们法制观念的不断提高，病人维权意识逐渐增强，对医疗护理提出了更高的要求，因心电监护仪使用不当导致的投诉也逐渐增加。本院2003年6月至2004年6月被投诉4起，2004年7月至2005年6月5起，2005年7月至2006年6月9起；护士巡视不到位、责任心不强、病情变化未及时发现8例，心电监护仪参数设置不当或报警系统不工作5例，对心电监护仪性能不了解影响抢救治疗2例，设备本身问题2例，监护收费问题1例。
病人自我保护意识增强与护士服务观念转变相对滞后的矛盾
随着病人及家属法制观念的逐渐加强,对医护质量的要求也越来越高〔1〕。在医疗护理活动中过去根本不会酿成纠纷的问题，现在都可能引发投诉，病家认为花了钱就要得到最好的服务及疗效，稍有不当病人或家属就要“讨个说法”，更有甚者，认为病人进了医院，化了钱，就得治好病，如病情反复或恶化就会千方百计寻找医疗工作中的缺陷和漏洞，进行投诉；而心电监护仪又是摆在他们面前看得见，摸得着的东西，稍有不慎就会成为投诉对象。
护理服务质量与病人期望值之间的矛盾

需要心电监护的病人相对病情都比较重，家属特别关注治疗护理情况，以为使用心电监护仪后病情就能得到控制，当病情出现变化时就难以接受；而护士在护理过程中操作稍不仔细，解释不到位，对病人关心与理解不够，没有形成良好的护患关系，也就会受到病人及家属的迁怒。

护理队伍的年轻化，护理人员对心电监护仪性能不熟、使用不到位

当前医院发展速度较快，年轻护士较多，护理队伍的年轻化也已经成为护理投诉的主要原因之一〔2〕。首先年轻护士资历浅，工作经验不足，加之上岗前没有进行系统培训，不同程度地存在对心电监护仪使用性能及设置不熟悉，其次，年轻护士缺乏必要的医患沟通技巧和交谈艺术。
心电监护仪故障延误病情

有些心电监护仪由于长时间连续使用，或者使用不当，或者年久失修等各种原因发生故障，特别是一些平时使用心电监护仪很少的科室，医护人员没有定期检查，不能及时发现和处理故障，一旦病情有变化需要时，却未能及时监护而延误了病情的监测、治疗，导致病家投诉。心电监护仪的使用费用相对较高，以每小时计算，且药费、检查费、一次性物品的广泛应用，给病家带来沉重的经济负担，因此，他们对收费特别敏感，对心电监护仪所用时数常有争议，加之新闻媒体过分渲染，对收费不放心，而多数家属在高额的医疗费用支出后疾病仍未明显好转，故将怨气发泄到仪器的使用和收费上导致投诉。

为了适应目前新形势下病人对护理服务质量的要求，必须不断强化护士的优质服务意识，牢固树立“以人为本，以病人为中心”的服务观念，尊重病人的合法权益，尽量满足其要求。如在行心电监护前应耐心向病人及家属做好解释宣教工作,介绍心电监护的目的及仪器的安全性,告知可能出现的报警声。在整个监护过程中应加强巡视和观察，注意心电监护仪参数的变化，出现报警声时能迅速做出处理，并及时记录和保存。

As the legal concept of continuous improvement, the patient graally build up their human rights awareness, health care for a higher demand, e to the use of ECG monitor misconct also led to a graal increase in complaints. Hospital from June 2003 to June 2004 were 4 complaints since July 2004 to June 2005 5, July 2005 to June 2006 9; nurse visits are not in place, do not have a strong sense of responsibility, timely detection of the disease did not change in 8 cases, ECG monitor improper parameter setting alarm system does not work or five cases, the ECG monitor the performance of emergency treatment do not understand the impact of two cases, two cases of the issue of the equipment itself, the issue of guardianship fees and charges in 1 case.

Self-protection awareness of patients and nurses to enhance the concept of service is lagging behind changes in the conflict

Patients and their families with the legal concept of the graal strengthening of the quality of health care have become more sophisticated [1]. Activities in health care will not lead to disputes over the issue, now may lead to complaints that the patient and his family will be花了钱the best services and the efficacy, some patients or their family will be inappropriate "to have a say" and, worse, that the patient into the hospital, of the money, you must heal the disease, such as illness or deterioration of repeated medical work will do everything possible to find defects and flaws in the conct complaints; and ECG monitor is placed in front of them visible and tangible things, a little carelessness will become the target of complaint.

Quality and patient care services in the conflict between the expectations

The need for ECG monitoring of patients is relatively heavier than the disease, their families pay special attention to health care situation, that the use of ECG Monitor can be brought under control after the disease, when a change in condition when it is difficult to accept; and nurses in the care process is not operating slightly careful to explain in place, concern and understanding for patients not enough, there is no good nurse-patient relationship, but also patients and their families will be the vent.

Care of the younger teams, nursing staff on ECG monitor the performance of the wake of the use of non-place

Faster development of the current hospital, more young nurses, care of the younger team care has become one of the main causes of complaints [2]. First of all, the young junior nurses, lack of work experience, coupled with no systematic pre-training, varying degrees of ECG monitor and the setting up of the use of performance are not familiar with, and secondly, the younger the patient the nurses lack the necessary communication skills and conversation art.

ECG monitor the delay fault condition

ECG monitor some time as a result of continuous use, or improper use, or repair a variety of reasons such as failure, in particular, a number of normal ECG monitor the use of small sections, medical personnel do not conct regular inspections, timely detection and to deal with failure, once the necessary conditions have changed, but failed to delay care and monitoring of the condition, treatment, patient and his family led to complaints. ECG monitor the use of the relatively high cost per hour basis, and drugs, inspection fees, the widespread application of a one-time items, to the patient and his family a heavy financial burden, so that they are particularly sensitive to charges of heart Monitor electricity used by a number of often controversial when, in addition to the news media exaggerated the charges do not trust, and the majority of families in the high medical costs to be incurred in a marked improvement after the disease has not yet, it will vent their grievances to the use of equipment and fees the lead to complaints.

In order to adapt to the new situation at present patients quality care, nurses must continue to strengthen the services, and firmly establishing the "people-oriented, patient-centered" concept of service, respect for the legitimate rights and interests of patients, as far as possible to meet their requirements. If the line before ECG patience to do a good job to explain the patients and their families and ecation on the purpose of ECG and the security apparatus, this may sound the alarm. In the guardianship process should strengthen the inspection and observation, attention to ECG monitor changes in parameters, sound alarms when there quickly to deal with, and to record and preserve a timely manner.

③ 单导联心电图机价格多少

前段时间我们这边去买九千多，上海光电。

④ 500分求一篇关于心电监护仪的英文论文，附中文翻译的。

摘要： 针对精密电子设备中所要求的高电压、低电流的小功率电源系统，设计制作了一种高压开关电源。并对高压电源的响应特性进行了测试。制作出的电源系统具有体积小、稳定性好、响应速度快等特点。 关键字： 高压电源 PWM脉冲调制 开关电路
1 引 言
在复印设备、医学仪器等精密电子系统中，广泛使用高电压、低电流的小功率电源[1]。同时要求电源系统具有重量轻、响应速度快、稳定性好、可靠性高等特点。为了上述满足精密电子系统的要求，设计制作了一种新型高压开关电源。该电源具有稳定性好、响应速度快等优点，能广泛应用于复印设备、医学仪器等精密电子系统中。
2 电路原理
系统原理框图如图1所示。高压电源的输入信号来自220V的交流市电，经整流滤波后与PWM脉冲调制器的输出信号一起驱动高频变压器，通过高频变压器得到的高压电源再经整流滤波后，输出直流高压。输出反馈信号经光电隔离后反馈给脉冲调制器，通过与脉冲调制器中误差放大器的基准电压比较，控制脉冲调制器的输出占空比，以调节输出电压。

Abstract: The high voltage which, the low electric current's low power electrical power system requests in view of the sophisticated electronics, the design has manufactured one kind of high-voltage switch power source. And has carried on the test to high-voltage power supply's response characteristic. Manufactures the electrical power system has the volume to be small, the stability is good, speed of response quick and so on characteristics. Key words: High-voltage power supply PWM impulse molation switching circuit 1 introction In photocopies the equipment, the medicine instrument and so on the precise electronic system, widely uses the high voltage, low electric current low power power source [1]. Simultaneously requests the electrical power system to have the weight to be light, the speed of response is quick, the stability is good, reliable higher characteristic. For above satisfies the precise electronic system's request, the design has manufactured one kind of new high-voltage switch power source. This power source has the stability to be good, speed of response quick and so on merits, can widely apply in photocopies the equipment, the medicine instrument and so on the precise electronic system. 2 circuitries System principle diagram as shown in Figure 1. High-voltage power supply's input signal from 220V exchange city electricity, after rectification filter actuates the high-frequency transformer together with the PWM pulse molator's output signal, obtains after the high-frequency transformer the high-voltage power supply passes through the rectification filter again, output cocurrent high pressure. Output feedback signal after electro-optical isolation feeds back for the pulse molator, through compares with the pulse molator probable error amplifier's voltage reference, the steering impulse molator's output tyfactor, adjusts the output voltage.

⑤ 求体表心电放大器的研究与设计实验论文

本文介绍了心电放大器的基本电路构成，以及采用TI公司的MSP430系列单片机对心电信号进行模数转换处理的方法，还着重探讨了采用带硬件乘法器的MSP430F14X系列单片机对心电信号进行滤波处理的方法，并给出了相应的实验结果。
人体心肌产生的电信号传导到体表之后，由于在体表分布的不同而产生电位差，将这种电压只有mV级别的电位差放大并绘制成图，就得到了心电图（ECG）。心电图在心血管疾病的临床诊断中有非常重要的作用。通常采用的心电图按照导联数分有单导联，三导联，五导联以及十二导联等等；按照精度分常用的有8位和12位精度等等。单导联，精度低的心电图常用于进行心电监控以及心率测量。12位高精度的心电图由于可以反映出心电的细微变化，被更加广泛地应用于临床诊断、心电分析等地方。
由于心电幅度只有mV量级，需要放大上千倍才能被观察到，并且人体的内阻比较大，因此一个高阻抗、高增益的放大器是准确获取心电信号的关键。而周围环境中充满了各种各样的电磁干扰，会严重影响微弱的ECG信号，而其中最为严重的是市电电源的50Hz（部分国家为60Hz）的干扰。如何避免这些干扰也是心电放大器设计所必须考虑的问题。此外，进行高精度的AD转换也是关键的步骤，特别是对于12bit的ECG放大器。在一些便携式应用中，功耗也是需要考虑的因素。

TI公司生产的MSP430F13X、MSP430F14X系列微功耗混和信号单片机，由于具有速度快（8MIPS/16bit），集成度高（Flash，RAM，16bit Timer，8通道12bit ADC以及UART等）、极低功耗等特点，因此非常适合于ECG放大器一类的应用。MSP430F14X系列单片机由于具有硬件乘法器，因此具备一定的DSP功能，可以ECG信号进行滤波等预处理。
下图是三导联ECG放大器的框图：

ECG放大器通常由缓冲级、匹配电阻网络、放大、滤波、电平位移以及模数转换等几级构成。
电极采集到的心电信号首先进入缓冲级。缓冲级可以提高整个放大电路的输入阻抗，降低输出阻抗，这样就可以在后面的匹配电阻网络中得到幅值较高的信号。匹配电阻网络通常采用威尔逊电中心端网络，它通过特定的电阻网络获得威尔逊电中心端作为整个ECG系统的参考点。
放大级通常包括一级用AD620等仪表放大器构成的初级差分放大和TL08

⑥ 北方医院体检心电图是单腿导联的吗

心电图检查，目前常用的是12道联合15导联心电图机。你所说的单腿导联应该是指。只有一个夹子夹在腿上吧。腿上可以是一个夹子带两个铁片。也可以是两个夹子，每个夹子带一个铁片。都是对的。

⑦ 心电监护仪的第一、二、三导联分别用哪些电极测量

心电监护仪电极的放置位置：第一导联位于胸骨右缘第4肋间；第二导联位于胸骨左缘第4肋间；第三导联位于V2与V4两点连线的中点。

心电监护电极的接法顺序：电极连接线接上面标有英文字母

1、右上 (RA) ：胸骨右缘锁骨中线第一肋间。

2、右下 (RL) ：右锁骨中线剑突水平处。

3、中间 (C) ：胸骨左缘第四肋间。

4、左上 (LA) ：胸骨左缘锁骨中线第一肋间。

5、左下 (LL) ：左锁骨中线剑突水平处。

(7)单导联心电检测装置论文扩展阅读：

心电监护仪应用范围:

1、冠心病患者；

2、高血压患者；

3、糖尿病患者；

4、高血脂患者；

5、过度肥胖人群；

操作要点：

首先皮肤要保持洁净、干燥，用磨砂纸将电极贴片需要安放位置（右锁骨下一指处、左侧第五肋骨与左腋前线交点处、两乳头连接中点处）的皮肤角质层擦净。用清水清洗干净，并用纸擦干或自然晾干。

取出电极贴片，将电极贴片贴纸擦拭部位。取出导联线，将3根电极导联线扣入心电电极贴片中，将红色电极放置于右锁骨下一指处；将黄色电极放置于两乳头中点处；将黑色电极放置于左第五肋与左腋前线交点处。

最后将心电导联线另一端插头沿箭头方向正确插入监测设备。开启监测设备便可进行心电监测。

⑧ 网上看到单导联和八导联的心电图机，他们有什么区别呢

心电图的类型有单导 十二导联的 目前常用的是十二导 其实区别不大 就是十二导的更先进以及好用。