A. 如圖甲所示的裝置叫做阿特伍德機,是英國數學家和物理學家阿特伍德(GAtwood1746-1807)創制的一種著名
(1、2)需要測量系統重力勢能的變化量,則應該測量出擋光片中心到光電門中心的距離,系統的末速度為:v= , 則系統重力勢能的減小量△E p =mgh,系統動能的增加量為: △ E k = (2M+m) v 2 = (2M+m) ( ) 2 , 若系統機械能守恆,則有:mgh= (2M+m)( ) 2 . (3)系統機械能守恆的條件是只有重力做功,引起實驗誤差的原因可能有:繩子有一定的質量、滑輪與繩子之間有摩擦、重物運動受到空氣阻力等. (4)根據牛頓第二定律得,系統所受的合力為mg,則系統加速度為:a= = ,當m不斷增大,則a趨向於g. 故答案為:(1)①擋光片的中心;(2)mgh= (2M+m)( ) 2 ;(3)繩子有一定的質量、滑輪與繩子之間有摩擦、重物運動受到空氣阻力等;(4)① a= ;②重力加速度g. |
B. put的相關片語,越多越好可是都要准確,如果哪位有可以不吝賜教,謝謝!
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put about 【航海】
1. 使…轉向:改變方向或使…改變方向;從一個航向轉到另一個航向或使從一個航向轉到另一個航向
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put across
1. 使被理解:陳述以使被清楚地理解或迅速地接受
Tried to put her views across ring the hearing.
在聽訟過程中試圖使她的觀點能被清楚地理解
2. 搞成:用欺騙或計謀完成或貫徹
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put away
1. 拋棄;舍棄
Put all negative thoughts away.
拋棄所有消極的思想
2. 【非正式用語】 吃掉,喝掉:樂意並很快地吃光或喝光(食物或飲料)
Put away the dinner in just a few minutes.
就在幾分鍾內吃光了晚餐
3. 【非正式用語】 關進精神病醫院
4. 埋葬
The injured cat was put away.
這個受傷的貓被殺死了
5. 把...收起;放好
Put away the tools after work, will you?
工作結束後請把工具收拾好。
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put by
1. 儲存…備用:節約以供後來的使用
My grandmother puts by her fresh vegetables.
我的祖母把她的新鮮蔬菜擱在一邊存下來
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put down
1. 記入名單
2. 制止,取締:使變得不起作用
Put down a rebellion.
鎮壓了一起暴亂
Put down rumors.
制止流言
3. 使(動物)無痛苦的死亡
4. 羞辱,使丟臉
Her parents put her down for failing the course.
她的父母因為她考試不及格而批評她
He tried to put down her knowledge of literature.
他試圖貶低她的文學知識
「Many status games seem designed to put down others」( -- Alvin F. Poussaint)
「許多權位競爭好象是為戰勝別人而設計的」( -- 阿爾文F.普森特)
5. 歸因於…
Just put him down as a sneak.
他被歸入鬼鬼祟祟的那一類人
Let's put this disaster down to experience.
讓我們把這次災難歸因於經驗不足
6. 吃光,喝光:很容易地吃光或喝光(食物或飲料);吃光
Puts down three big meals a day.
一天吃掉三頓大餐
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put forth
1. 生長
Plants put forth new growth in the spring.
植物在春天裡開始新的生長
2. 表現;發揮
At least put forth a semblance of effort when you scrub the floor.
當你擦地板時至少能表現出努力的樣子
3. 提出:提出以供考慮
Put forth an idea.
提出一個想法
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put forward
1. 提出:提議以供考慮
Put forward a new plan.
提出一個新計劃
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put in
1. 提交:提出…的正式提議
Put in a plea of guilty.
正式提出犯罪訴訟
2. 插入,插話
He put in a good word for me.
他插進來為我說了一句好話
3. 花時間:在某一場所或工作上花費(時間)
The inmate had put in six years at hard labor. She put in eight hours behind a desk.
犯人已經做了六年的苦工。她在花了八小時辦公
4. 種植
We put in 20 rows of pine trees.
我們種植了20排松樹
5. 【航海】 進港:進入口岸或港口
The freighter puts in at noon.
貨輪中午時進入港口
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put off
1. 設法使…等待:勸說使…拖延下步行動
Put off paying the bills.
拖延付清帳單
Managed to put off the creditors for another week.
設法說服債主晚一個星期再來
2. 脫下;丟棄
Put off a sweater.
脫下毛衣
3. 使厭惡:使厭惡;使反感,如由於不禮貌
His indifferent attitude has put us off.
他的冷淡態度使我們對他很反感
4. 使用假鈔或賣假貨
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put on
1. 穿衣服;穿上
Put on a coat; put socks on.
穿上外衣;穿上襪子
2. 運用;使活動
Put on the brakes.
剎閘
3. 假裝
Put on an English accent.
假裝帶有英國口音
4. 【俚語】 戲弄:戲弄或使(別人)誤入歧途
You're putting me on!
你在開我的玩笑
5. 增加
Put on weight.
增加體重
6. 產生;履行
Put on a variety show.
舉行一次雜耍演出
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put out
1. 熄滅
Put out a fire.
撲滅一場大火
2. 【航海】 出航:離開,如口岸或港口;出發
3. 逐出
Put out a drunk.
趕走醉漢
4. 出版
Put out a weekly newsletter.
發行時事周刊
5. 觸犯或激怒
Did our early arrival put you out?
我們提早到達是不是使您很不方便?
I was put out by his attention to the television set.
我被他對電視節目的關注激怒了
6. 【棒球】 使跑壘者出局
7. 【粗俗用語】 【俚語】 性生活上頻繁,尤其用於婦女
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put over
1. 延期;耽誤
2. 做成:使承認,尤其是為了欺騙時
Tried to put a lie over, but to no avail.
試圖用謊言瞞過去,但沒有成功
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put through
1. 做成:達到成功的終點
Put the project through on time; put through a number of new laws.
按時完成了項目;通過許多新法律
2. 使…從事、遭遇
He put me through a lot of trouble.
他使我遇到許多麻煩
3. 接通(電話)
The operator put me through on the office line.
接線生給我接通了辦公室的電話
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put to 【航海】
1. 駛向岸邊
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put together
1. 建造;創造
Put together a new bookcase; put together a tax package.
做一個新書櫥;整理出一疊報稅單
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put up
1. 建立;建造
2. 保存;把…裝罐
Put up six jars of jam.
做六罐果醬
3. 提名
Put up a candidate at a convention.
在會議上對一個候選人進行提名
4. 提供:提前提供(資金)
Put up money for the new musical.
為這個新音樂劇提前籌備資金
5. 為…提供食宿
Put a friend up for the night.
留宿朋友過夜
6. 【體育運動】 驚起:被驚出隱藏處的用來狩獵的動物
Put up grouse.
趕出松雞
7. 拿去賣
Put up his antiques.
拍賣他的古董
8. 進行:使從事於;繼續進行
Put up a bluff.
故弄玄虛
Put up a good fight.
展開一場激烈的爭斗
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put upon
1. 強加於;使…負擔過重
He was always being put upon by his friends.
他總是受朋友的欺負
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not know where to put oneself
1. (非正式)十分尷尬,局促不安
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put something behind one
1. 把(不快的感受)置於腦後
They have tried to put their grief behind them and rebuild their lives.
他們千方百計把悲痛置於腦後,重建生活。
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put the clocks back (或 forward)
1. (根據官方有關調整時間的決定)把時鍾撥慢(或撥快)
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put someone's eyes out
1. (尤指粗暴地)弄瞎…的眼睛
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put one's hands together
1. 鼓掌,拍手
I want you all to put your hands together for Barry.
我想讓大家為巴里鼓掌。
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put one's hands up
1. 舉手投降
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put it (或 oneself) about
1. (英,非正式)(在性行為方面)亂交
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put it there
1. (非正式)〔表示同意或祝賀的用語〕握手吧
Put it there Steven, we beat them, so we did.
咱們握手吧,史蒂文!我們打敗了他們,不是嗎!。
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put it to
1. 對(某人)直言不諱
I put it to him that he was just a political groupie.
我向他直言,說他只不過是個政治上的狂熱追隨者。
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put one over on
1. (非正式)欺騙,愚弄
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put up or shut up
1. (非正式)要麼講出正當理由要麼閉嘴
They called for the minister to either put up or shut up.
他們要求部長要麼證明自己有理要麼閉嘴。
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put about
1. (航海)(輪船)掉轉航向
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put someone about
1. (主蘇格蘭,北英格蘭)使煩惱;使焦慮;使麻煩
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put something about
1. 傳播,散布(消息,謠言)
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put something across (或 over)
1. 使被接受,使被理解
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put something aside
1. 存(錢),儲蓄
2. 忘記;拋棄(某物,尤指感情或過去的分歧)
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put someone away informal 非正式
1. 把…關進監獄(或精神病院)
He deserves to be put away forever.
他只配被永遠關在牢里。
2. (體育運動用語)擊敗對方
They wasted a chance to put the other team away.
他們隊喪失了擊敗對手的好機會。
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put something away
1. 存(錢),儲蓄
2. (非正式)(大量)吃喝
3. 同 put something down (見後面義項3)
4. (非正式)(體育運動用語)處理,對付(射門,投籃)
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put something back
1. 推遲(事件)
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put something by
1. 同 put something aside (見前面義項1)
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put someone down
1. (非正式)使窘迫;奚落
2. (車輛,飛機)讓(乘客)下去
Driving back into town, he put them down near their homes.
他把車開回城裡後讓他們在家門口下了車。
3. 把(嬰兒)放下睡覺
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put something down
1. 寫下,記錄,登記
He's putting a few thoughts down on paper.
他正在把一些想法寫在紙上。
2. 取締;鎮壓(叛亂,政變,暴亂)
3. 殺死(生病的、受傷的或衰老的動物)
4. 付(定金)
He put a thousand down and paid the rest over six months.
他先付了1,000定金,然後在六個月內付清了其餘款項。
5. 儲藏,儲備(食品,酒)
6. 使(飛機)降落(或著陸)
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put someone down as
1. 認為…是,以為…是
I'd have put you down as a Vivaldi man.
我本以為你是個維瓦爾迪那樣的作曲家。
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put someone down for
1. 報名參加(或做);登記訂閱
He put his son down for Eton.
他替兒子報名上伊頓公學。
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put something down to
1. 把…歸因於
If I forget anything, put it down to old age.
假如我忘記了什麼,那隻怪年齡大了。
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put someone forward
1. 推薦
He put me forward as head of publicity.
他推薦我做廣告主管。
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put something forward
1. 提出(計劃,建議,理論)
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put in at/into
1. (輪船)入(港)
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put someone in
1. 指派
He was put in to rescue the company by the stockbrokers.
他受股票經紀人之託來挽救這家公司。
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put something in/into
1. 正式提出,提交
The airport had put in a claim for damages.
機場已正式提出賠償損失的要求。
2. 把時間(或精力)用於
Employed mothers put in the longest hours of all women.
在所有婦女中,有工作的母親們付出的時間最長。
3. 把資金(或資源)投於
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put someone off
1. 取消(或推遲)與…的約會
He'd put off Martin until nine o'clock.
他已把與馬丁見面的時間推遲到9點鍾。
2. 使失去興趣(或熱情)
She wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of night shifts put her off.
她想當護士,但一想到值夜班又使她打消了這個念頭。
3. 擾亂;妨礙;阻止
You're just trying to put me off my game.
你只不過想阻止我參加比賽。
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put something off
1. 推遲;拖延
They can't put off a decision much longer.
他們無法把決定再繼續拖下去。
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put someone on
1. (成隊比賽運動用語)使(選手)出賽
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put something on
1. 穿上(衣服);戴上(眼鏡);佩帶(珠寶)
Juliet had put on a cotton dress.
朱麗葉穿上了棉布衣服。
2. 使(裝置)運轉
Shall I put the light on?.
要打開燈嗎?。
3. 組織(展覽,事件);上演(戲劇)
4. 在(費用)上增加特定數量
The news put 12 pence on the share price.
這條消息使股價長了12便士。
5. 裝出,假裝(某種表情,口音等)
He put on a lugubrious look.
他裝出一副可憐相。
6. 在…押賭注
He put £1,000 on the horse to win.
他在即將獲勝的那匹馬上押了1,000英鎊。
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put someone on to
1. 使注意,使關注(有用、有名或有趣的人或物)
Pike put me on to the Department's Legal Section.
派克將我的注意力吸引到該局的法律部。
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put out for
1. (非正式,主北美)同意與…發生性關系
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put someone out
1. 給…帶來麻煩(或不便),打擾
Would it put you out too much to let her visit you for a couple of hours?.
讓她來拜訪幾個小時是否會給您帶來太多的麻煩?。
2. (體育運動用語)擊敗並淘汰對手(或對方)
3. (尤指用麻醉葯)使失去知覺
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put something out
1. 撲滅,熄滅
Fire crews from Grangetown put out the blaze.
從格蘭奇鎮趕來的消防人員把大火撲滅了。
2. 擺出;把…准備好
She put out glasses and paper napkins.
她擺好了玻璃杯和餐巾紙。
3. 出版;公布,發布;廣播
A limited-edition single was put out to promote the album.
發行限定版單曲唱片以促銷該專輯。
4. 使脫位,扭傷
She fell off her horse and put her shoulder out.
她從馬背上掉下來扭傷了肩膀。
5. (公司)分包,發包
6. (發動機,電動機)產生(動力)
The non-turbo is expected to put out about 250bhp.
這台非渦輪發動機預計能產生250個制動馬力。
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put something over
1. 同前面 put something across
2. (北美)推遲,拖延
Let's put the case over for a few weeks.
讓我們把此事推後幾周。
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put someone through
1. 為…接通電話
put me through to the police office, please.
請替我接通警察局。
2. 使遭受痛苦
I hate Brian for what he put me through.
我恨布賴恩使我受苦。
3. 為(孩子)付費上學(或上大學)
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put something through
1. 做成,完成
He put through a reform programme to try to save the regime.
他完成了一項旨在挽救政權的改革計劃。
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put someone to
1. 給…帶來(麻煩,困難)
I don't want to put you to any trouble.
我不想給你帶來任何麻煩。
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put something to
1. 向…提交(或提出)
We are making a takeover bid and putting an offer to the shareholders.
我們正在做收購投標,向股東們報價。
2. 把…專門用於(某一用途)
They put the land to proctive use.
他們把這塊地作為生產用地。
3. 使交配
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put something together
1. 裝配;聚集
He can take a clock apart and put it back together again.
他能拆卸鍾表然後再裝起來。
They decided to put a new band together.
他們決定組織一個新的樂隊。
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put someone under
1. 同 put someone out(見前面義項3)
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put someone up
1. 為…提供膳宿
2. 提出(或舉薦)…作候選人,提名
The party had put up a candidate in each constituency.
該黨在每一選區都提出了一名候選人。
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put something up
1. 建造,搭建
I put up the tent and cooked a meal.
我搭起帳篷,開始做飯。
2. 舉(手)回答(或提問)
3. 張貼,公布(通知,招牌,海報)
4. (主英)提高(或增加)…的費用
I'm afraid I've got to put your rent up.
恐怕不得不提高你的租金。
5. 為(企業)提供贊助
The sponsors are putting up £5,000 for the event.
發起人將為此事贊助5,000英鎊。
6. 把…拿出來出售(或拍賣)
7. 使(獵物)走出掩蔽處
8. (古)把(劍)插入鞘內
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put someone up to
1. (非正式)慫恿(或鼓動)…做(壞事,蠢事)
Who else would play a trick like that on me? I expect Rose put him up to it.
別人誰會那樣欺騙我?估計是羅斯鼓動他乾的。
2. (古)把…通知(或告訴)
習慣用語
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put down roots
1. 紮根於:在某地建立永久的住所
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put it to (someone)【俚語】
1. 擔負過重的任務或工作
2. 責備
3. 不公平地利用…
4. 直率地擺明情況:以一種強有力的、直率的態度向(另外的人)擺出形勢的實際情況
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put (one) in mind
1. 想起
You put me in mind of your grandmother.
你使我想起你的祖母
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put (one's) finger on
1. 認出,識別
I can't put my finger on the person in that photograph.
我認不出照片中的那個人
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put (one's) foot down
1. 採取堅定的立場
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put (one's) foot in (one's) mouth
1. 做不得體的評論
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put paid to【多用於英國】
1. 結束;使…休息
「We've given up saying we only kill to eat; Kraft dinner and freeze-dried food have put paid to that one」( -- Margaret Atwood)
「我們已經放棄說我們只是盡力地吃;卡夫晚餐和凍乾的食物已經使我們停止了」( -- 瑪格麗特·阿特伍德)
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put (someone) through (someone's) paces
1. 使…表現能力或技術;考驗
The drama coach put her students through their paces before the first performance.
這位戲劇老師要她的學生們表演前接受考查
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put (someone) up to
1. 作惡作劇:使(某人)做出滑稽的、惡作劇的或惡毒的行為
My older brother put me up to making a prank telephone call.
我大哥讓我打了一個惡作劇的電話
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put the arm on 或 put the bite on 或 put the squeeze on 【俚語】
1. 向別人要錢
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put the finger on【俚語】
1. 告發
The witness put the finger on the killer.
目擊者告發了謀殺者
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put the make on【俚語】
1. 取得性生活的進展
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put the screws to 或 put the screws on 【俚語】
1. 強制性壓力:以一種極端的態度對別人施加壓力
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put the skids on【俚語】
1. 停止
「Sacrificing free speech to put the skids on prurient printed matter is not the correct path, the courts said」( -- Curtis J. Sitomer)
「法庭認為,將自由言論犧牲來停止已印出的好色事件不是正確的道路」( -- 柯蒂斯J.錫托莫)
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put to bed【非正式用語】
1. 印刷前最後准備:為(例如報紙)的印刷而做最後的准備
2. 最後准備:為完成(一個項目)而做最後的准備
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put to it
1. 造成極大的困難
We were put to it to finish the book on time.
我們很難按時讀完這本書
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put two and two together
1. 得出結論:從現存的證據或跡象中得出合適的結論
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put up or shut up【俚語】
1. 要就辯護要就閉嘴:不得不毫無怨言地忍受(不愉快的事情)或採取必要的行動來轉移不愉快事件的根源
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put up with
1. 忍受:毫無怨言地忍受
We had to put up with the inconvenience.
我們不得不忍受不便之處